Musi wa26 Chikunguru, Hurumende yeGerman yakatora shanduro itsva yeNational Hydrogen Energy Strategy, ichitarisira kukurumidzisa kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwehydrogen hweGermany kuti ibatsire kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo che2045 chekusapindira mune zvemamiriro ekunze.
Germany iri kutsvaga kuwedzera kuvimba kwayo nehydrogen senzvimbo yesimba remangwana kuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokonzera kudziya kwepasi kubva mumaindasitiri anosvibisa zvakanyanya akadai sesimbi nemakemikari, uye kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta efossil anounzwa kunze kwenyika. Makore matatu apfuura, muna Chikumi 2020, Germany yakaburitsa hurongwa hwayo hwenyika hwesimba rehydrogen kekutanga.
Chinangwa chegirini chehydrogen chakapetwa kaviri
Shanduro itsva yekuburitswa kwehurongwa uhu inyaya yekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwepakutanga, kunyanya kusanganisira kukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi hwehydrogen, zvikamu zvese zvichave ne mukana wakaenzana wekupinda mumusika wehydrogen, hydrogen yese inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze inotariswa, kukurumidza kuwedzera kwezvivakwa zvehydrogen, kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese. Kuvandudzwa kwakawedzerwa, nezvimwewo, kugadzira hurongwa hwekuita kwekugadzira simba rehydrogen, kutakura, mashandisirwo uye misika.
Hydrogen yegirini, inogadzirwa kuburikidza nesimba rinogona kushandiswazve senge zuva nemhepo, ndiyo musimboti wezvirongwa zveGermany zvekubvisa mafuta efossil mune ramangwana. Zvichienzaniswa nechinangwa chakarongwa makore matatu apfuura, hurumende yeGermany yakawedzera kaviri chinangwa chekugadzira hydrogen yegirini muchirongwa chitsva. Chirongwa ichi chinotaura kuti panosvika 2030, kugona kwekugadzira hydrogen yegirini yeGermany kuchasvika 10GW uye kuita kuti nyika ive "nzvimbo yesimba rehydrogen". Mupi wehunyanzvi anotungamira mukupa tekinoroji.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2030, kudiwa kwehydrogen muGermany kuchasvika pa130 TWh. Kudiwa uku kunogona kutosvika pa600 TWh panosvika gore ra2045 kana Germany ikazorega kushandisa hydrogen.
Saka, kunyangwe chinangwa chekukwanisa kwemagetsi emuno kuburitsa mvura chikawedzerwa kusvika pa10GW panosvika 2030, 50% kusvika 70% yezvinodiwa nehydrogen muGermany zvicharamba zvichizadzikiswa kuburikidza nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye chikamu ichi chicharamba chichikwira mumakore mashoma anotevera.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, hurumende yeGermany inoti iri kushanda pane imwe nzira yekupinza hydrogen. Pamusoro pezvo, yakarongerwa kuvaka network yemapaipi esimba rehydrogen angangoita makiromita chiuru nemazana masere muGermany kubva muna 2027 kusvika 2028 kuburikidza nekuvaka kutsva kana kugadzirisa.
"Kuisa mari muhydrogen kuri kuisa mari mune ramangwana redu, mukudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, mumabasa ehunyanzvi uye mukuchengetedzwa kwesimba," akadaro Mutevedzeri weChancellor weGermany uye Gurukota rezvehupfumi Habeck.
Ramba uchitsigira hydrogen yebhuruu
Pasi pehurongwa hwakagadziridzwa, hurumende yeGermany inoda kukurumidzisa kukura kwemusika wehydrogen uye "kusimudzira zvakanyanya huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvakakosha". Kusvika pari zvino, mari yerutsigiro rwehurumende yakaganhurirwa kuhydrogen yegirini, uye chinangwa chinoramba chiripo "chekuwana huwandu hwakavimbika hwehydrogen yegirini, inogara kwenguva refu muGermany".
Pamusoro pematanho ekukurumidzisa kukura kwemusika munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (kuona kuti hydrogen yawanikwa yakakwana panosvika 2030, kuvaka zvivakwa zvehydrogen zvakasimba uye mashandisirwo azvo, kugadzira mamiriro ehurongwa anoshanda), zvisarudzo zvitsva zvine chekuitawo nerutsigiro rwenyika kune marudzi akasiyana ehydrogen.
Kunyangwe rutsigiro rwemari rwakananga rwesimba rehydrogen rwuri kutaurwa muhurongwa hutsva rwuchingogumira pakugadzirwa kwehydrogen yakasvibirira, kushandiswa kwehydrogen inogadzirwa kubva mumafuta efossil (anonzi blue hydrogen), ayo anoburitswa necarbon dioxide anotorwa uye anochengetwa, anogonawo kuwana rutsigiro rwehurumende.
Sezvinotaurwa nehurongwa uhwu, hydrogen mune mamwe mavara inofanirawo kushandiswa kusvika yakwana hydrogen yegirini. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emakakatanwa eRussia neUkraine uye dambudziko remagetsi, chinangwa chekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi chave chakakosha zvikuru.
Hydrogen inogadzirwa kubva mumagetsi anodzokororwa iri kuramba ichionekwa semushonga wezvinhu zvakaita semaindasitiri makuru nendege dzine utsi hwakawanda mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Inoonekwawo senzira yekusimbisa hurongwa hwemagetsi nemidziyo yehydrogen senzira yekuchengetedza munguva dzekusagadzirwa kwemagetsi kushoma.
Pamusoro pemakakatanwa pamusoro pekuti nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira hydrogen dzinotsigira here, nyaya yekushandiswa kwesimba rehydrogen yave iriwo nyaya huru. Nzira yakagadziridzwa yehydrogen inoti kushandiswa kwehydrogen munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa hakufanirwe kudziviswa.
Zvisinei, mari yenyika inofanira kutariswa munzvimbo idzo kushandiswa kwehydrogen "kunodiwa zvachose kana kuti pasina imwe nzira". Hurongwa hwesimba rehydrogen yenyika yeGerman hunofunga nezve mukana wekushandiswa kwakapararira kwehydrogen yakasvibirira. Chinangwa chiri pakubatana kwezvikamu uye kushandurwa kwemaindasitiri, asi hurumende yeGermany inotsigirawo kushandiswa kwehydrogen muchikamu chekufambisa mune ramangwana. Hydrogen yakasvibirira ine mukana mukuru mumaindasitiri, mune mamwe matunhu akaoma kubvisa kabhoni akadai sendege nekufambisa ngarava, uye senzvimbo yekudyara makemikari.
Chirongwa ichi chinoti kuvandudza mashandiro esimba uye kukurumidzisa kuwedzera kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve kwakakosha pakuzadzisa zvinangwa zveGermany zvemamiriro ekunze. Chakasimbisawo kuti kushandiswa zvakananga kwemagetsi anogona kushandiswazve kwakanakira muzviitiko zvakawanda, senge mumotokari dzemagetsi kana mapombi ekupisa, nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwaro kwakaderera kana tichienzanisa nekushandisa hydrogen.
Pakufambisa motokari mumugwagwa, hydrogen inogona kushandiswa chete mumotokari dzekutengesa dzinorema, nepo pakudziisa ichizoshandiswa "muzviitiko zvakasiyana," hurumende yeGermany yakadaro.
Kuvandudzwa uku kwehurongwa kunoratidza kutsunga kweGermany uye chishuwo chekugadzira simba rehydrogen. Hurongwa uhwu hunotaura zvakajeka kuti panosvika gore ra2030, Germany ichave "mupi mukuru wetekinoroji yehydrogen" uye ichava nehurongwa hwekuvandudza indasitiri yesimba rehydrogen padanho reEurope nepasi rose, senge marezenisi, zviyero zvekubatana uye masisitimu ekupa zvitupa, nezvimwewo.
Nyanzvi dzesimba dzekuGermany dzakati simba rehydrogen richiri chikamu chisipo chekuchinja kwesimba pari zvino. Hazvigone kufuratirwa kuti rinopa mukana wekubatanidza kuchengetedzeka kwesimba, kusapindira mune zvemamiriro ekunze uye kukwikwidzana kwakawedzerwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-08-2023
